Global economic growth is experiencing complex dynamics amidst increasing uncertainty. Various factors such as geopolitical tensions, climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant impact on the world economic outlook. Economists note that in recent years, the global economic recovery has been uneven, with developed and developing countries facing different challenges. One of the main factors influencing global economic growth is monetary policy. Central Banks around the world, especially in large countries such as the US and the Eurozone, have implemented low interest rates and massive stimulus programs. However, with inflation rising, there is pressure to tighten monetary policy. These decisions create uncertainty in financial markets, which can affect investment and economic growth in the short term. In addition, trade tensions between major countries, especially between the US and China, continue. Tariffs and trade restrictions have created barriers to the flow of goods and services, which in turn affects global economic growth. Exports have been hampered, and market players have doubts about the stability of supply chains, which could slow the pace of growth in many sectors. In the digital world, technological transformation plays a very important role in spurring economic growth. Companies that adopt digital technology are able to increase efficiency and reach new markets. However, there is a technology gap between developed and developing countries that is widening, making certain countries lag behind in growth. Climate change is also an important factor that must be taken into account. Extreme weather events, such as forest fires, floods, and storms, affect agricultural productivity and infrastructure. Many countries are starting to respond by formulating sustainability policies. Investments in renewable energy and green technologies are expected to provide a boost to long-term growth, however, this transition will require significant time and resources. Uncertain public sanitation due to new variants of the virus and varying government responses around the world are affecting consumption patterns. People are now more inclined to shop online, creating opportunities for the e-commerce sector, but also threatening the sustainability of traditional retail businesses. In this context, foreign direct investment (FDI) becomes very important. Countries that are able to create a conducive and stable investment climate will attract more investors. Developing countries must strengthen infrastructure and provide legal guarantees to attract sustainable FDI. Expanding international cooperation in facing global challenges is also a point of emphasis. By collaborating, countries can create joint solutions, share technology and support inclusive growth. Free trade zones and multilateral agreements can open wider market access. It is important for all stakeholders to monitor global economic developments continuously. By understanding the various dynamics that influence growth, countries can adjust their economic strategies to be more adaptive to the changes that occur. This strategic adaptation will be key to sustainable growth in an era of continuing uncertainty.
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